Electrode

Difference Between USM and EDM - Ultrasonic Machining & Electric Discharge Machining
NTM

NTM

Machining is one type of subtractive manufacturing processes where excess material is removed from the workpiece to produce intended feature. Conventional machining processes (such as turning, threading, facing, milling, shaping, drilling, hobbing, etc.) employ a wedge-shaped cutting tool to shear off the workpiece material in the form of chips. Such processes always utilize mechanical energy in order to remove material by shearing. Several non-conventional machining processes have also emerged over

Difference Between PAM and IBM - Plasma Arc Machining and Ion Beam Machining
NTM

NTM

Different forms of energy (such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, electro-chemical, light, etc.) are directly utilized in advanced machining processes to realize material removal from the workpiece for fabricating intended 3-D feature following the subtractive manufacturing approach. Plasma Arc Machining (PAM) is one such advanced machining process where thermal energy (heat) is primarily used to melt down and vaporize material from the workpiece. A high temperature jet of thermal plasma

Difference Between Transferred Arc and Non-Transferred Arc Plasma Torch
Joining

Joining, NTM

Thermal plasma is the ionic form of matter that is obtained by heating suitable gas to a very high temperature. Plasma consists of excited ions of gaseous atoms and free electrons (thus plasma can conduct electricity). Localized temperature of plasma can reach 30,000°C or even more. Such a high temperature can virtually melt and vaporize any material regardless of its physical state. An artificially created controllable jet of high temperature

Difference Between LBM and PAM - Laser Beam Machining and Plasma Arc Machining
NTM

NTM

Non-traditional machining (NTM) processes can directly employ various forms of energy for removing material from workpiece in order to fabricate the intended 3-D feature. EDM, LBM, EBM, and PAM are four common NTM processes that use thermal energy (heat) to selectively remove material. In these processes, material removal mostly takes place in vaporized and sometimes in molten state. The source of heat is, however, different for these four processes. Laser

Difference between EBM and IBM
NTM

NTM

Non-traditional machining (NTM) processes can directly utilize different forms of energy (like mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, light, etc.) to selectively remove material from the workpiece in order to fabricate intended 3-D feature. These processes eliminate the barrier imposed by mechanical strength and hardness of the workpiece for processing by a conventional metal cutting process. Several NTM processes have emerged over the last few decades, which include AJM, USM, CHM, ECM,

Difference between LBM and IBM
NTM

NTM

Several advanced machining processes have been developed over the last few decades to cater the evergrowing demand of high quality small-scale products made of a wide variety materials with highly finished surfaces and close tolerance. Laser beam machining and ion beam machining are two such processes that follow subtractive manufacturing approach to fabricate intended features with improved accuracy and tight tolerance. However, their working principle and extent of capability are

Difference between arc welding and gas welding
Joining

Joining

Welding is one joining process where two or more components can be joined permanently with or without the application of heat, pressure, and filler metal. All welding processes can be broadly divided into two categories – fusion welding and solid-state welding. In fusion welding, heat must be applied to melt down the connecting surfaces of the parent component for coalescence or weld bead formation. In solid-state welding, no such melting

Difference between consumable electrode and non-consumable electrode
Joining

Joining

Arc welding is one type of fusion welding process where an electric arc is used to supply heat for melting the faying surfaces of the parent metal and also the filler metal. There are several arc welding processes namely Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), Electroslag Welding (ESW), Carbon Arc Welding (CAW),

Difference between DCEN and DCEP polarities in arc welding
Joining

Joining

Arc welding is one type of fusion welding process where an electric arc is used to supply necessary heat for fusing the faying surfaces of the base metals and also the filler metal. In every arc welding process, the conductive base plates are connected with one terminal of the power source, while the electrode is connected with other terminal. A small gap (1 – 3mm) is always maintained between the

Difference Between EBM and ECM
NTM

NTM

Non-traditional machining processes can directly utilize various forms of energy to remove material from in workpiece. For example, AJM, USM, WJM and AWJM processes are based on mechanical energy; CHM is based on chemical energy; ECM is based on electrochemical energy; and EDM, LBM, PAM and EBM are based on thermal energy. Since Electron Beam Machining (EBM) is one thermal energy based process, so here material is removed by melting

Difference Between EDM and EBM
NTM

NTM

Non-Traditional machining (NTM) processes directly utilize different forms of energy (mechanical, electrical, chemical, thermal, etc.) to remove material from the workpiece following the subtractive manufacturing approach. Among thermal energy based NTM processes, EDM, EBM, LBM and PAM are common. In all these processes the workpiece material is locally heated to a very high temperature in order to melt and vaporize it. However, the source of heat is different for each

Difference between EBM and LBM
NTM

NTM

There exist four basic non-traditional machining processes (EDM, LBM, EBM, and PAM) where thermal energy is utilized to melt and vaporize a tiny volume of material from the workpiece. Although mechanism of material removal is same in all four processes, the source of heat is different. In Electron Beam Machining (EBM), a concentrated beam of electrons is used as heat source. Here ample electrons are first generated using an electron

Differences between Conventional EDM and Dry EDM
NTM

NTM

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one type of non-conventional machining process where workpiece material is removed by melting and vaporizing with the assistance of high intensity sparks generated between two electrodes. Here the conductive workpiece is made positive electrode, while a shaped tool is made negative electrode. These two electrodes are separated by a small distance (called inter-electrode gap, IEG), and this gap is immersed with appropriate dielectric fluid. In

Difference between arc welding electrode and EDM electrode
NTM

NTM

An electrode acts as one of the two terminals of an electric circuit to establish the electrical connection. It is always made of electrically conductive material so that it can easily emit or receive electrons or ions. Based on the polarity, an electrode can be either anode or cathode. A cathode is considered as negatively charged electrode as it liberates electrons, while an anode is considered as positively charged electrode

Differences between EDG and ECG
NTM

NTM

Electric Discharge Grinding (EDG) is one thermal energy based non-traditional machining process that has apparent similarity in construction with the conventional grinding process. In EDG, a disc type metallic wheel is rotated about a fixed axis maintaining a small gap with the workpiece. The conductive wheel is given negative polarity, while the conductive workpiece is given positive polarity. The gap between wheel and workpiece is immersed with a suitable dielectric

Differences between EDM and EDG
NTM

NTM

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one thermal energy based non-conventional machining process where material is removed by melting and vaporization with the assistance of high intensity spark. A form tool is made negative electrode, while the conductive workpiece is made positive electrode. The tool electrode is given appropriate shape in accordance with the feature to be produced. A small inter-electrode gap (IEG) is always maintained between two electrodes. This IEG

Difference Between Pressure Flushing and Vacuum Flushing in EDM
NTM

NTM

In die-sinking electro-discharge machining (EDM), the tool electrode and the workpiece (both made of electrically conductive material) are connected with two terminals of a DC power source. A small gap (in micron range) is maintained between these two electrodes. This gap is immersed with appropriate dielectric fluid that behaves as an insulator in initial state. When sufficient potential difference is applied across the two electrodes, the dielectric breaks down to

Difference Between Copper Electrode and Graphite Electrode for EDM
NTM

NTM

Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM) employs the principle of thermal energy (melting and vaporization) to remove material from the workpiece. This thermal energy is produced by means of electric sparks. In die sinking EDM, the electrode and workpiece are connected with two terminals of a power source and a small gap is maintained between them. Suitable dielectric fluid (like kerosene) is applied in this inter-electrode gap (IEG), which in normal state behaves

Difference Between Dielectric and Electrolyte
NTM

NTM

In electro-discharge machining (EDM), spark generated between the conductive tool electrode and the conductive workpiece melts and vaporizes the workpiece to realize material removal. A small gap is maintained in between the tool and workpiece and an appropriate dielectric fluid is applied in this gap. Dielectric is basically a liquid that can suddenly breakdown once a particular potential difference is applied across it. Before breakdown, it acts as insulator; whereas

Difference Between Die Sinking EDM and Wire-EDM
NTM

NTM

Non-Traditional Machining (NTM) processes had evolved to eliminate the restrictions imposed by conventional metal cutting processes. For the sake of material removal, NTM processes directly utilize various forms of energy (like mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical, electro-chemical, ionic, light, etc.). One such thermal energy based NTM process is Electric Discharge Machining (EDM). EDM utilizes an electrically conductive tool electrode that has a specific shape. This electrode is then brought closer to

Difference Between EDM and ECM - Electro-Discharge & Electro-Chemical Machining
NTM

NTM

Unlike conventional metal cutting processes, non-traditional machining (NTM) processes can directly employ different forms of energy for controlled removal of material from the workpiece to impart desired shape, size and finish. Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM) is one thermal energy based process where material is removed by localized melting and vaporization. Intense heat is generated by means of electric sparks. Here the tool made of conductive material is made one electrode (cathode),