Surface

Differences between WJM and AWJM
NTM

NTM

Among the mechanical energy based non-traditional machining processes, water jet machining (WJM) and abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) are two common processes that have wide variety of applications, starting from metallic industry to textile and lather industries. In water jet machining, clean water is pumped to a high pressure (2500 – 4000 bar) with the help of intensifier and the pressurized water is delivered to the work surface in the

Differences between AJM and WJM
NTM

NTM

Mechanical energy based non-traditional machining (NTM) processes directly utilize mechanical energy to gradually remove material from the workpiece primarily by erosion. Examples of such processes include abrasive jet machining (AJM), water jet machining (WJM), abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) and ultrasonic machining (USM). In abrasive jet machining, abrasive particles are first mixed with the compressed gas at a pre-defined mixing ratio. This mixture is then directed towards the workpiece in

Comparison among drilling, boring and reaming
Machining

Machining

Macro-scale hole fabrication on a solid surface requires several different metal cutting operations based on the size and accuracy requirement. One typical series for hole making can be— (i) Centering, (ii) Drilling, (iii) Boring, (iv) Reaming and (v) Honing. Centering is carried out to locate the hole for easy and accurate alignment of a drill. Although it is optional, but centering can improve precision. Drilling is a process of originating

Typical drills and reamers
Machining

Machining

In order to make a macro-scale hole on a solid surface, a series of different machining processes are carried out depending on the finish and tolerance level requirement. One typical series of hole production can be— (i) Centering, (ii) Drilling, (iii) Boring, (iv) Reaming, and (v) Honing. Centering is performed to locate the hole center, drilling is carried out to originate a hole and boring is carried out to enlarge

Differences between coolant and lubricant
Machining

Machining

During conventional machining or metal cutting, excess material is gradually removed from the workpiece in the form of chips using a wedge shaped cutting tool. Primarily due to continuous rubbing between moving chips and rake surface of cutting tool, intense heat is generated at the cutting zone. In continuous machining, this cutting heat leads to increase in temperature at the cutting zone. Excessive cutting temperature has several detrimental effects on

Differences between dry machining and wet machining
Machining

Machining

Machining is one secondary manufacturing process that is performed to impart desired shape, size and surface finish by removing unwanted material from a solid 3-D blank. In conventional machining operations, the cutting tool compresses a thin layer of workpiece material to gradually shear it off in the form of chips. The primary shear zone exists surrounding the concentrated shear plane along which work material undergoes shearing to become chip. Initially

Difference between surface roughness and surface finish
Machining

Machining

After processing the workpiece by any surface modification process (such as metal cutting, surface treatment, forming, etc.), quality of the final surface can be judged based on several aspects. All such aspects are integrated by the term Surface Integrity. It covers all primary, standard and extended data sets related to quality of a solid surface. Assessing quality of machined surface is important for judging machinability for a combination of work-tool

Difference between surface roughness and surface integrity
Machining

Machining

Primary objective of machining or metal cutting operation is to provide desired shape and quality to the workpiece by removing excess material with the help of a cutting tool. Assessing quality of a machined surface is important for judging machinability for a particular combination of work-tool material under a specific machining condition. In the context of manufacturing, three terms—surface roughness, surface finish and surface integrity are commonly used to characterize